# For loop in Swift

In this guide, you will learn about `For Loop` in Swift. We will see many examples of how to use for-loop over [collections](https://www.swiftanytime.com/blog/arrays-in-swift/) and ranges.

Looping means repeating an action over and over again. In Swift, there are some control flow statements that are used to control the execution flow of code. Some of them (like for-loop and repeat-while) are used to perform repeating tasks.

`For-Loops` are used to repeat a task following a termination condition.

## **For loop Usage**

For loop is a well-known statement for repeating a task. It's also known as the `for-in`loop.

### **For loop with array**

Let's see how to iterate elements of an array:

```swift
let countries = ["India", "Australia", "Canada", "Denmark", "France"]

for countryName in countries {
    print(countryName)
}
```

In the above example, you can see how to iterate array elements using a for loop. We are printing each element one by one.

The `for loop` syntax contains two placeholder, first we declare a **constant** with a certain name (countryName) after for then we specify from which **collection** (countries) the value for the constant iterate over.

#### **Scope of the for loop**

```swift
let numbers = [10, 32, 9, 56, 70]

for number in numbers {
    var sum = 0
    sum += number
}

print("sum is: \(sum)")
```

Once you build this code, you will get an error like the below:

```swift
Cannot find 'sum' in scope
```

As you can see clearly in the error message, the `sum` variable is not accessible outside the loop block, this cause the constant declared in for loop are only available inside the scope of the loop closure

### **For loop with dictionary**

Let's see how to iterate elements of a dictionary:

```swift
let profileDictionary: [String: Any] = ["name": "Katrina Martin",
                                        "age": 21,
                                        "address": "NYC",
                                        "qualification": "MBA"]

for element in profileDictionary {
    print(element)
}

/*
Output:
(key: "name", value: "Katrina Martin")
(key: "address", value: "NYC")
(key: "age", value: 21)
(key: "qualification", value: "MBA")
*/
```

In the above example, you can see the output is in the form of a tuple of key-value pairing. When you iterate a dictionary through a loop, it always returns a pair of key-value.

If you want to access key or value individually, you can access them using tuple's parameterised syntax like below:

```swift
print(element.key, element.value)
```

**Another way you can use to iterate elements of a dictionary:**

```swift
for (key, value) in profileDictionary {
   print(key, value)
}
```

### **For loop with range**

Let's see how to for-loop with the range operator:

**With closed range:**

```swift
for element in (1...5) {
	print(element)
}

/*
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
*/
```

**With half-open range:**

```swift
for element in (1..<5) {
	print(element)
}

/*
Output:
1
2
3
4
*/
```

In the above examples, you can see how for-loop works with closed range and half-open range.

### **Iterate a string**

We know that a string is a collection of characters so we can iterate each character of a string like below:

```swift
let string = "Swift Anytime"
        
for character in string {
	print(character)
}

/*
// Output:
S
w
i
f
t
 
A
n
y
t
i
m
e
*/
```

### **Where Clause in For-Loop**

With for-loop, you can filter the element using `where` clause based on a condition. You can say it is an alternative to replace `if` statement in the for loop.

First, let's understand an example when we can use `where` clause with for loop.

```swift
let numbers = [10, 32, 9, 56, 70]
        
for number in numbers {
    if number % 2 == 0 {
        print("Number \(number) is even.")
    }
}

/*
Output:
Number 10 is even.
Number 32 is even.
Number 56 is even.
Number 70 is even.
*/
```

In the above example, we are using a single `if` statement to check the number is even or not.

Now let's use the `where` clause to do the same thing:

```swift
for number in numbers where number % 2 == 0 {
    print("Number \(number) is even.")
}

/*
Output:
Number 10 is even.
Number 32 is even.
Number 56 is even.
Number 70 is even.
*/
```

Now, you can differentiate that, `where` clause method is more suitable to filter out the elements based on a condition.

### **What next?**

In this article, you learned about for loop, and how it works with collections, strings. Now, you can do some practice by exploring some more usage of for loop. We encourage you to read more related articles like, [Dictionaries in Swift](https://www.swiftanytime.com/blog/dictionaries-in-swift/), [Arrays in Swift](https://www.swiftanytime.com/blog/arrays-in-swift/), till then, have a great time ahead.

Eat. Sleep. Swift Anytime. Repeat.